From the Baltic Chain to the Velvet Revolution: Environmental Movements as Catalysts of Political Change in the Baltic States and Czechoslovakia

Lucie Tungul; Ondrej Hamulak

doi:10.14198/pasado.28855

Autores/as

Lucie Tungul Palacký University Olomouc, Chequia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1188-8167
Ondrej Hamulak Tallinn University of Technology, Chequia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4147-2891

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/pasado.28855

Palabras clave:

Cadena Báltica, Revolución de Terciopelo, Política ambiental, Activismo, Movimientos disidentes, Checoslovaquia, Estados Bálticos, Comunismo, Bloque soviético, 1989

Resumen

El presente artículo examina el papel de los movimientos ecologistas en la disidencia política de los estados bálticos y Checoslovaquia durante la década de 1980, que culminó en la Cadena Báltica y la Revolución de Terciopelo de 1989. Se explora cómo la grave degradación medioambiental bajo las políticas soviéticas orientadas a la producción catalizó estos movimientos, influyendo en transformaciones políticas más amplias. Empezando por la Carta 77 y la Carta Báltica, el análisis sigue la evolución desde las protestas medioambientales locales hasta la solidaridad transnacional. Enmarcando las cuestiones medioambientales como preocupaciones fundamentales en materia de derechos humanos, los activistas tendieron puentes entre las crisis ecológicas locales y los llamamientos más amplios en favor de la libertad, convirtiendo el ecologismo en una poderosa plataforma para la disidencia. La movilización ecologista común fomentó la solidaridad transnacional y sentó las bases para los cambios revolucionarios y la caída de los regímenes comunistas de Europa del Este. El estudio también aborda el legado posterior a 1989 de estos movimientos, demostrando cómo las preocupaciones medioambientales iniciales se vieron eclipsadas por las transformaciones políticas y económicas de principios de la década de 1990.

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